Assuming you have already purchased all the supplies needed for a photovoltaic system, you might now be wondering, what’s the next step? The installation process for solar panels involves many hidden details that are easy to overlook, especially if it’s your first time. In this article, we will introduce you to all the components of a solar system and guide you through the task of making them work together seamlessly.
“How long does it take to install solar panels? When done by a contractor, the process typically lasts two to three weeks. It begins with scheduling a roof inspection and obtaining permits. Placing the panels in position is the final stage, which only takes a few days. Experienced installers usually minimize disruptions to your daily life, but you should be prepared for occasional power outages during the installation.”
The installation cost depends on a range of factors:
- System size
- The type of equipment you want
- Geographical location
- Incentives and benefits available in your area
- Professional installation or DIY”
Today, the average price of a complete residential photovoltaic system ranges between $15,000 and $25,000. So, how much does it cost to install a solar panel system? On average, labor costs account for about 10% of the total price. Don’t forget, the federal solar tax credit allows you to deduct up to 30% of the system cost, including labor expenses, from your taxes.
Leon Solar specializing in the research, production, and design of solar mounting systems, with roof solar mounting systems, ground mounts, tracking brackets, floating systems, solar carports, etc., we provide more detailed installation manuals.
Now, let’s take a closer look at the installation process broken down into 7 steps.
Step 1: Find the sunniest spot for your solar panels.
Your main goal is to provide your panels with maximum sunlight exposure throughout the day. If you are installing solar panels on the roof, choose the south-facing side or a side facing southeast or southwest. Ground-mounted systems are more flexible in this regard, but they are rarely used for residential systems— not everyone has a large enough backyard to accommodate around 20 solar panels.
Make sure the location you choose is not shaded. Check the area in the morning, afternoon, and evening—does it get more or less exposure to sunlight throughout the day? Solar panels in the shade can generate up to 75% less power than their rated output, so it is important to consider this in advance.
Step 2: Build and Set Up the Installation Platform
Now it’s time to establish the foundation for your solar system to ensure the panels stay in place during any weather and season. Using metal or aluminum rails, build the platform based on the length and width of your solar panels. The type of base installation depends on the type of roof you have. When designing and constructing, try to provide the most comfortable way for conduit to the internal control panel to avoid any connection issues.
Step 3: Install the Solar Panels onto the Platform
Use brackets, bolts, or clamps to secure the panels onto the platform. Ensure all installation details are tightened to keep the panels stable and secure. Properly fix your panels so that they can withstand wind and extreme weather conditions. If you are installing the panels on the roof, be extra careful and provide all necessary safety precautions for yourself and anyone working with you.
Step 4: Connect All the Solar Modules Together
Before turning on the system, check that each module’s wires are insulated to prevent leakage and accidents in the future. Inspect the connectors—you may find MC4 or MC4-compatible connectors. If some connectors are different, you will need to replace them. Connect the positive (+) wire of one module to the negative (-) wire of the next module to wire them in series. Then, wire the strings in parallel by connecting the additional positive and negative wires together.
Step 5: Ground the Panels and Installation Platform
Grounding the solar panels and platform is essential since they are made of metal. By doing this, you protect all your equipment from potential damage caused by lightning and power surges. You also protect yourself and others from electric shocks.
- Connect the system to a grounding rod near the building using copper wire.
- Extend the copper rod about 6 inches above the ground.
- If there is no grounding network, ground the control panel.
Step 6: Install the Solar Inverter and Other Equipment
The solar inverter should be part of any photovoltaic system, regardless of its type. It is necessary to convert the direct current (DC) generated by the solar panels into alternating current (AC) to power your household appliances. The inverter is installed near the main panel, usually indoors, in a cool, dry, and ventilated area. If specified in the manufacturer’s datasheet, it can also be installed outdoors.
Off-grid systems also require a charge controller and batteries for power storage. Choose a room similar to the one used for the inverter, avoiding overheating and dust accumulation.
Step 7: Connect the Inverter to the Consumption Unit
The inverter should be connected to the consumption unit to generate power. A generation meter should also be connected to monitor the electricity produced by the solar panels. You can use your computer or other devices to check your solar system’s performance. For example, you can check the power generated at different times and decide when is the best time to use appliances like your washing machine or other utilities.
The main rule is to connect the positive wire to the ‘positive’ and the negative wire to the ‘negative.’ If you have any doubts about your skills, it is recommended to seek the help of an electrician. To connect your solar system to the grid, contact your local utility provider for more information. Only utility experts can connect your system to the grid.
It’s time for a trial run!
Before performing the test run, make sure your entire system is securely fixed and connected. Your system should be grounded, and all your equipment (including wires) should be free of defects and properly inserted for normal operation. Now you can power on and test the entire system.
Before saying goodbye to the installers, review the manuals for all equipment and carefully check all possible aspects and indicators. If everything is in order—congratulations! Now it’s time to dive into the many benefits and incentives that await you!
Maintenance is Key to Keeping Your Panels Healthy
Regular maintenance and upkeep of your solar panels will significantly extend their lifespan and improve efficiency. Always check your panels for various defects, such as dirt, electrical issues, or even bird nests. Don’t be surprised—birds really like using your solar panels as a comfortable cover to shield themselves from the sun and wind. As with installation, you can call professionals to do the work for you, or use our maintenance tips to do it yourself. However, before starting any work related to cleaning or repairing solar panels, be sure to shut down the entire solar system to ensure your safety.
